TROY (city in Troad)
Ancient Homeric-era city in northwest Asia Minor; it is known as the setting for the Greek myth of the Trojan war
- Also called
- Ilion, Ilios, Ilium, Ilius, Troia, Troja
- Kind of place
- City
- Region
- Troad
- Patron
- Apollo
- Landmarks
- Tritonis' Fane Quintus 6 ¶7; Temple of Pallas Quintus 10 ¶22; Fane of Phoebus Quintus 12 ¶25; Fanes, Palaces, and Homes Quintus 2 ¶1; Hector's Halls Quintus 6 ¶7; Priam's Halls Quintus 1 ¶3; Assaracus' Tomb Quintus 6 ¶7; Empty Tomb Aeneid 6.494; Hearth of Hestia Aeneid 2.268; Altar of Home-warder Zeus Quintus 6 ¶7; Long Walls (Apollo) Quintus 2 ¶1; Palisade Euripides, Rhesus 595-641; Battlements Euripides, Andromache 1-25; Priam's Wall Quintus 2 ¶7; Temple-walls Quintus 12 ¶25; Central Tower Aeneid 6.494
- People of myth here
- Aeneas, Anchises, Antenor, Ascanius, Astyanax, Cassandra, Dares, Deiphobus, Dolon, Erichthonius, Hector, Hecuba, Ilus, Laocoön, Laomedon, Panthous, Polydamas, Polydorus, Priam, Troilus, Trojan Horse, Tros
- Where
- 39.96° N, 26.24° E
The city is identified as the town belonging to Priam. Quintus 14 ¶4 The city was taken by the Achaeans. Aeschylus, Agamemnon 320-354 The Simoïs river is located near Troy. Ovid Met. 13.1-438 (15)
Described in the sources
The city is located where the rivers Simois and Scamander converge. Aeneid 10.16 +4 The city was the target of a ten-year Greek military campaign that threatened its destruction and ultimately led to its capture. Aeneid 3.588 +4 The city is also referred to by the name Ilium. Aeneid 2.567 +4 The city is described as no longer existing in its former state. Euripides, The Trojan Women 98-121 +3 The city is located near the isles of Calydnae and the island of Tenedos. Aeneid 2.1 +3 Odysseus entered the city disguised as a beggar or spy to gather information. Euripides, Hecuba 216-250 +3 The city is situated near the banks of the river Simois and the waves of the Scamander river. Aeneid 5.244 +3 The city is referred to as Ilium in the context of slain friends, captives, threats of destruction, and cries heard by the speaker. Euripides, Hecuba 923-932 +3 The city was located near the glens of Ida. Aeneid 2.795 +2 The city of Troy stood in the region of Phrygia. Euripides, Orestes 1366-1392 +2
Gods and worship
The settlers build a temple to Venus on the hill. Aeneid 5.746 Spoils from the city were offered up to the Greek gods. Ovid, Heroides 1.1 A priesthood and sacred groves are established at Anchises' tomb. Aeneid 5.746 Altar fires and incense smoke are no longer visible within the city. Euripides, Andromache 1019-1026 The Ilienses do not worship Hercules because he ravaged their country. Strabo 13.1.32 Ancient worship of the Protectress of Mount Cybele existed in the Ida grove. Aeneid 3.84
Stories and history
Troy was captured and destroyed by the Greeks, with the city burning. Aeneid 1.657 +4 The Greeks captured the city during the war, resulting in a costly victory. Euripides, Hecuba 299-341 +4 The Argive army captured and destroyed Troy, an act attributed to the influence of Zeus. Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1-39 +4 The city is described as being destroyed, smoldering in smoke, and ablaze with flame. Aeneid 2.624 +4 The city has been burnt to ashes. Euripides, The Trojan Women 48-97 +4 The city was captured and sacked by Neoptolemos and the Danaoi. Apollodorus, Epitome 5.23 +4 The city was predicted to fall and suffer destruction because of Helen. Euripides, Hecuba 402-443 +3 The city's walls had previously fallen during the war. Euripides, The Trojan Women 1156-1167 +2 Ilus founded the city and named it Ilium after himself. Apollodorus 3.12.3 +2 Apollo and Poseidon built the walls of Troy for Laomedon. Aeneid 5.779 +2
Myths set at Troy
- Ajax and Hector at the Ships. Hector leads a night raid to burn the Achaean ships, but Ajax confronts him to protect the fleet. Ajax prevents the destruction of the ships and engages Hector in a fierce battle, ultimately stopping the Trojan advance. Bacchylides 13 part 1 +5
- Andromache's Lament for Astyanax. Andromache clutches her son Astyanax as she approaches a Greek chariot, fearing for his future after her husband's death. She instructs him to pray to Ulysses and accept a life of servitude rather than royalty. Euripides, The Trojan Women 568-576 +5 Astyanax
- Andromache's Lament for Hector. Andromache stands on the city walls with her infant son and maids, watching Hector prepare for battle. She begs him to stay to save Troy and their child from slavery and death, but he leaves, leading to her later lament for his corpse. Euripides, The Trojan Women 587-590 +5 Andromache
- Apollo's Intervention in the Battle of Troy. Apollo disguises himself to encourage Trojan warriors and watches from above as his power turns the tide of battle against the Greeks. He ultimately saves a specific warrior from death by hiding him in a cloud and removing him from the fight. Quintus 11 ¶13 +5 Apollo
- Ares Assists the Trojans in the Great Battle. Ares descends from the heavens to assist the Trojans in their battle against the Greeks, acting on Apollo's instruction. He inspires courage in the Trojans and panic in the Greeks, leading to a massive slaughter. Bacchylides 13 part 2 +5 Ares
- Chiron's Training of Achilles. Chiron accepts the infant son of Thetis, naming him Achilles and raising him with a rigorous education in combat, music, and medicine. The boy grows into a warrior who fights at Troy, while Chiron later prepares a feast to welcome Thetis back before returning the hero to her. Apollodorus 3.13.6 +5 Chiron
- Healing and Return. A prophecy declares that Troy cannot fall without Philoctetes, prompting a divine goad to drive him to leave Lemnos. He agrees to depart with Neoptolemus, having previously been healed by Machaon after a snake bite. Quintus 9 ¶23 +5 Philoctetes
- Hector's Final Words and Burial Request. hook: "Hector lies dying after his final confrontation with his adversary.", "goal: "Hector begs for his body to be returned to Troy for burial and warns of his killer's fate.", "outcome: "Hector dies, leaving his mother unable to embrace his elusive shade."}, Iliad 22 ¶21 +5 Hector
- Hera's Deception of Zeus on Mount Ida. Hera visits Zeus on Mount Ida to seduce him into a deep sleep so she can manipulate the outcome of the Trojan War. Zeus wakes up furious, but the deception has already allowed Hera to influence the battle and secure an oath regarding a future ruler. Iliad 14 ¶13 +5 Zeus
- Memnon's Battle at Troy. Memnon, the Ethiopian king, leads his forces to defend Troy and avenge his brother's death. He slaughters many Greek warriors, including Antilochus, and drives the enemy back toward the Hellespont. Apollodorus, Epitome 5.3 +5 Memnon
- Neoptolemus' Arrival and Battle at the Trojan Wall. Neoptolemus arrives at Troy wearing his father's armor and is urged by Phoenix to avenge Achilles. He fights fiercely at the Trojan wall, killing many warriors, but is forced to retreat when Zeus strikes him with a thunderbolt. Apollodorus, Epitome 5.11 +5 Neoptolemus
- Nestor's Counsel to Agamemnon and the Assembly. Agamemnon summons an assembly at Nestor's ship to address the military crisis, where Nestor offers counsel superior to other leaders. He organizes the troops, prays to Zeus, and urges immediate action to defeat the Trojans. Iliad 14 ¶5 +5 Nestor
28 more
- Patroclus Attacks the Walls of Troy. Patroclus, driven by pride, charges the walls of Troy but is repelled by Apollo, who warns him he is not destined to sack the city. He then fights on foot, killing Cebriones and struggling with Hector until his weapons break and his death approaches. Iliad 16 ¶45 +5 Patroclus
- Patroclus Fights Sarpedon and Strips His Armor. Patroclus jumps from his chariot to fight Sarpedon, striking him with a spear that narrowly misses the hero's shoulder. Patroclus kills Sarpedon, strips his armor, and takes a Trojan chariot and horses as spoils. Iliad 16 ¶28 +5 Patroclus
- Penthesileia's Arrival and Charge. Penthesileia exits the Trojan palace at dawn to join the battle, inspiring the Trojans to charge against the Greeks. She fights with fierce fury, killing many warriors and breaking enemy ranks, while an invisible power guides her toward her destined destruction. Quintus 1 ¶10 +5 Penthesilea
- Priam's Supplication and the Shared Meal. hook: "Priam, the king of Troy, approaches Achilles' camp to beg for the body of his slain son Hector. goal: "Priam seeks to ransom his son's corpse and ensure it is not mutilated. outcome: "Achilles spares Priam's life, shares a meal with him, and allows him to take the body."} Aeneid 2.526 +5 Achilles
- Rhesus' Arrival at Troy. Rhesus, a Thracian king, arrives late to Troy with a massive army to aid the Trojans against the Greeks. He pledges to destroy the enemy walls and ships, and Hector assigns him a prominent position in the battle line. Euripides, Rhesus 264-283 +5
- The Abduction of Ganymede. Zeus, enamored of Ganymede's beauty, transforms into an eagle to abduct him from Mount Ida or Ilium. Ganymede is carried to the gods' palace, leaving behind his dropped pipes and distressed companions. Aeneid 1.12 +5 Ganymede
- The Affair with Anchises. Aphrodite, driven by desire for the god-like appearance of the mortal Anchises, travels from Cyprus to Mount Ida to seduce him. She bears him a son, Aeneas, and warns his mother to hide the child's divine parentage before departing. Apollodorus 3.12.2 +5 Aphrodite
- The Arrival at Troy. Achilles is delayed at the Euripus by his mother's affection, holding back his troops from advancing to Ilium. He eventually leaves Pharsalia to join Agamemnon at Troy, where he serves as the bulwark of the Greek forces. Euripides, Electra 432-441 +5 Achilles
- The Assault on the Trojan Wall. Diomedes, the son of Tydeus, leads a daring assault on the Trojan wall near a fig-tree, driven by his possession of Aeneas's horses and his desire to attack Hector. Despite past rebukes for abandoning Nestor, he fights alongside Ulysses to help make Troy conquerable. Iliad 6 ¶30 +5 Tydeus
- The Banquet and the Song of Demodocus. Alcinous hosts a lavish banquet for the stranger Ulysses, guiding him to the assembly and ensuring the proper rituals are performed. The king asks the bard to sing and requests that Ulysses continue his tales of adventure until morning. Athenaeus 1.23 +5 Alcinous
- The Battle at the Ships and Death of Eurypylus. Eurypylus, the great chief of the Trojans, leads a devastating assault on the Achaean ships, killing many heroes and burning enemy vessels. He is eventually slain by Neoptolemus during a fierce duel, and the Trojans mourn him with honors equal to those of Priam's sons. Apollodorus, Epitome 4.5 +5 Eurypylus
- The Battle of Hector and Achilles. Apollo actively protects Hector during the Trojan War, intervening to save him from Achilles and other threats, but ultimately abandons him when fate dictates his death. After Hector dies, Apollo continues to shield his corpse from desecration and criticizes the other gods for their cruelty. Iliad 17 ¶38 +5 Apollo
- The Battle of the Gods at Troy. Zeus watches the war at Troy from his throne, sending thunderbolts and winds to influence the battle while both sides accuse him of bias. He ultimately decides the fate of the heroes and cities through his divine interventions and silence. Quintus 1 ¶32 +5 Zeus
- The Battle of the Scaean Gate. Agamemnon enters the battle at the Scaean Gate, killing several Trojan warriors including Aethicus, Stratus, and Odius. He rebukes Menelaus for mercy and praises Teucer for his archery, promising him a reward. Iliad 5 ¶4 +5 Agamemnon
- The Battle of the Ships. hook: Idomeneus exits his tent armed with spears and armor to join the ongoing battle at Troy. goal: He aims to defend the Greek line and defeat the Trojans in close combat. outcome: After sustaining combat against Hector and others, he is rescued by Coiranus and advised to retreat to the ships. Iliad 11 ¶1 +5 Idomeneus
- The Bow of Heracles. The Greeks need Heracles' bow to conquer Troy, but it is held by Philoctetes. Ulysses and Diomedes take the weapon from him, and Philoctetes later uses the arrows to shoot Alexander. Apollodorus 3.12.6 +5 Heracles
- The Building of Troy's Walls. Laomedon hires Apollo and Poseidon to build the walls of Troy but refuses to pay them. The gods become angry and leave after Laomedon insults and threatens them. Apollodorus 2.5.9 +5 Laomedon
- The Building of the Walls of Troy. Poseidon and Apollo were summoned to build the walls of Troy for King Laomedon, but he cheated them of their promised payment. The gods left in a rage after Laomedon threatened to harm them. Aeneid 5.604 part 1 +5 Poseidon
- The Burial of Ajax. Odysseus arrives at Troy to mediate a dispute over the unburied corpse of his former enemy, Ajax. He argues for justice and burial, but Teucer refuses his help, leading Odysseus to accept the refusal and depart. Seneca, Agamemnon act 3 ¶6 +5 Odysseus
- The Burial of Ajax. After Ajax dies by his own hand, Menelaus forbids his proper burial, forcing Teucer to defy the ban to give his brother a grave. Teucer succeeds in burying Ajax despite the general's opposition and the threat of soldiers. Quintus 5 ¶37 +5
- The Burning of Troy. Hecuba witnesses the total destruction of Troy, the capital of Asia, as it burns and falls to enemy forces. She is forced to flee her burning city, lamenting the loss of her home and wishing to die with it. Euripides, Hecuba 812-863 +5 Hecuba
- The Chase of Hector. Hector flees Achilles around the walls of Troy after Zeus weighs his doom, but Athena deceives him into stopping to fight. He is killed after his spear fails and he realizes his ally is not there. Iliad 22 ¶13 +5 Hector
- The Construction of the Trojan Horse. Athena appears to Epeius in a dream to command him to build a wooden horse that will destroy Troy. Epeius constructs the hollow device, fills it with warriors, and sends it into the city to breach the walls. Aeneid 2.250 +5 Epeius
- The Council at Nestor's Ship. Agamemnon convenes a council at Nestor's ship to address the stalled siege of Troy. Nestor urges him to stop debating and immediately lead the troops into battle. Iliad 2 ¶14 +5 Agamemnon
- The Council of War and the Night Attack Plan. Hector, confident in Zeus's favor, convenes a council to plan a night attack on the Greek ships to burn them and end the war. He orders his troops to arm and stay awake, sending scouts to verify the enemy's position before launching the assault. Euripides, Rhesus 41-51 +5 Hector
- The Council of Withdrawal. Agamemnon, believing Zeus has broken his promise of victory, orders the Achaean army to withdraw from Troy. The plan is thwarted when Achilles and Nestor intervene, leading to a split in the army where Agamemnon remains behind with half the forces. Iliad 9 ¶19 +5 Agamemnon
- The Council of the Gods. Zeus summons the gods to a council to decide the fate of the war between Troy and the Achaeans. He commands the deities to take sides in the battle while he watches from his throne, ultimately allowing the sacking of Troy against his will. Iliad 1 ¶48 +5 Zeus
- The Council of the Gods on the Fate of Troy. Zeus summons the gods to his court to resolve the conflict between Troy and Italy, declaring that fate prevents peace. He confirms his decree with a gesture over the Stygian flood, ending the council while maintaining his respect for Troy. Aeneid 10.1 +5 Zeus
And 180 more in the codex.