COLCHIS (region)
Historical polity and region of Antiquity
- Also called
- Aea
- Kind of place
- Region
- Patron
- Helios
- Landmarks
- sacred precinct of Helios Diodorus 4.46; fiery, brazen bull Seneca, Medea act 4 ¶7
- Where
- 42.27° N, 42.00° E
The Golden Fleece hung on an oak tree in this area. Apollodorus 1.9.16 A sleepless dragon guarded the Golden Fleece in this location. Apollodorus 1.9.16 The region is rich in gold, silver, and iron. Strabo 1.2.39
Described in the sources
Jason and the Argonauts sailed to Colchis to obtain the golden fleece. Diodorus 4.41 +4 Colchis is located on the eastern end of the Black Sea coast, forming the right-hand side of the Euxine Sea when looking north. Strabo 1.2.10 +3 The land is fertile, fruitful, and produces good crops. Strabo 11.2.17 +1 The river Phasis receives water from the Glaucus and Hippus rivers. Strabo 11.2.17 +1 Colchis is located near the Caucasian mountains and the region of Iberia. Strabo 11.14.4 +1 Aeëtes, son of Helius, was the king of Colchis during the time of Phrixus's arrival. Diodorus 4.45 +1 A city sharing the river's name sits on the Phasis banks and serves as a market for the local people. Strabo 11.2.17 +1 The large river Phasis flows from the mountains through the territory and empties into the Pontus sea. Strabo 11.2.17 +1 The city of Aea, located close to the Phasis river, is within the region of Colchis and is the origin of Cytissorus. Herodotus 7.197.3 +1 Medea is identified as being from this region in the context of the golden fleece and held the title of queen over it. Ovid, Heroides 12.1 +1
Stories and history
Mithridates Eupator conquered Colchis after it was ceded to him by Antipater, expanding his territory to include the country under his dominion. Strabo 11.2.18 +1 Polemon eventually obtained possession of Colchis. Strabo 11.2.18 The temple of Leucothea was plundered by Pharnaces. Strabo 11.2.17 The region is associated with the creation of love potions. Ovid, Heroides 6.129 Workers in Colchis retrieved minium from the rock using darts. Pliny, Nat. Hist. 33.37 ¶1 The Egyptians conducted an expedition into Ethiopia and Colchis. Strabo 1.3.21 The king of Colchis gave a kind reception to the Pelasgian youths. Ovid, Heroides 12.18 Mithridates Eupator fled into Colchis after being besieged by Pompey. Strabo 12.3.28 Phrixus sacrificed a ram and hung its fleece in a temple of Ares here. Diodorus 4.47 The temple of Leucothea was later plundered by Mithridates of Pergamus. Strabo 11.2.17
Myths set at Colchis
- The Assignment of the Golden Fleece Quest. Pelias, fearing for his life, consults an oracle and assigns Jason the quest for the Golden Fleece. He secretly hopes Jason will die on the dangerous voyage, while publicly swearing to yield his throne if Jason returns. Apollodorus 1.9.16 +5 Pelias
- The Conquest of the East and the Pillars of Sesostris. Sesostris, the only Egyptian king to rule Ethiopia, launches a massive expedition that conquers lands from Troglodytica to the Cinnamon country. He establishes his dominance by erecting pillars across the region and returning with captives and treasures. Herodotus 2.103.2 +5
- The Judgment of Medea in Iolcus. Medea, driven by Hera's plan and her own love for Jason, flees Colchis to Iolcus where she is accused of causing strife. The Minyae isolate her for judgment while Colchians threaten war to reclaim her, forcing her to seek protection and marry Jason in a sacred cave. Argonautica 3 ¶74 +5 Medea
- The Preparation for the Voyage. Jason seeks everlasting glory by leading a company of fifty-four men to Colchis to retrieve the golden fleece, with King Pelias encouraging the voyage in hopes that Jason will die. The expedition is prepared with a massive ship and resources, though the chieftains choose Heracles as their general. Diodorus 4.15 +5 Jason
- The Rescue of Heracles from the Argonauts. Heracles, a renowned chieftain who joined the Argo expedition, is left behind at various locations due to delays or the ship's refusal to carry him. He returns to Argos or is mourned by companions after the Argonauts sail away without him. Apollodorus 1.9.16 +5 Heracles
- The Return Journey to the East. hook: Jason leaves his ships in Colchis to travel on foot to Armenia and Media. goal: He advances through various regions to reach the Caspian Sea. outcome: He creates an opening for the Araxes river to flow into the Caspian Sea, uncovering the Araxenian plain. Strabo 1.2.39 +5 Jason
- The Sacrifice of the Golden Ram. Phrixus arrives in Colchis on a golden ram sent by Hermes and is welcomed by King Aeetes. He sacrifices the ram to Zeus and gives the golden fleece to the king, who marries him to his daughter. Aegimius fr. 1 +5 Phrixus
- The Sons of Phrixus and the Abduction of Hypsipyle. Phrixus's sons sail from Colchis to claim their father's wealth but are shipwrecked on an island. They abduct Hypsipyle and flee with Medea, fulfilling a prophecy of treachery against Aeetes. Argonautica 2 ¶74 +5 Phrixus
- The Voyage of the Argo. Euphemus joins the crew of the Argo to sail to Colchis. He urges the rowers to work hard and releases a dove to guide the ship through a narrow strait. Apollodorus 1.9.16 +5 Euphemus
- The Voyage of the Argonauts. hook: "Telamon joins a group of Greek nobles to sail in search of the Golden Fleece.", "goal": "He sets out to accompany the leader and request the dragon's teeth from Aeetes.", "outcome": "The Argonauts name a harbor in Etruria after him."}, "beats": ["Telamon joins a company of fifty-four men chosen for the voyage to Colchis [10].", "He assembles with other Greek nobles to sail in search of the Golden Fleece [1].", "Telamon is present on the island of Enyalius with the other Argonauts [6].", "Telamon speaks to the group during a resulting quarrel [2].", "Telamon is seized by wrath after the crew realizes they have left a comrade behind [3].", "Telamon hurried to Jason, embraced him by grasping his hand, and spoke to him while holding him [4].", "Telamon was summoned to accompany the leader onto the dry land [5].", "Telamon rose from his seat when Jason stood up [7].", "Telamon left the hall together with Jason and Augeias [8].", "Telamon was sent with Aethalides to request the dragon's teeth from Aeetes [9].", "Telamon sailed to the shores of Colchis aboard the ship Pagasæan [12].", "A harbor in Etruria was named after him by the Argonauts [11]."], "set_piece": "", "people": [{"name": "Telamon", "role": "hero"}, {"name": "Jason", "role": "ally"}, {"name": "Augeias", "role": "ally"}, {"name": "Aethalides", "role": "ally"}, {"name": "Aeetes", "role": "foe"}, {"name": "Golden Fleece", "role": "object"}, {"name": "dragon's teeth", "role": "object"}, {"name": "island of Enyalius", "role": "place"}, {"name": "Colchis", "role": "place"}, {"name": "Etruria", "role": "place"}, {"name": "ship Pagasæan", "role": "object"}, {"name": "Argonauts", "role": "ally"}, {"name": "Greek nobles", "role": "ally"}, {"name": "comrade", "role": "victim"}]}] }`**Correction**: The output format requires a single JSON object, not an array. Let me re-evaluate the structure. The prompt asks for `beats`, `summary`, `set_piece`, and `people`. It does not ask for an array of episodes, just the structured story for *this* episode. So the top level should be an object with those keys. Also, `set_piece` should be a string or empty string, and `people` is a list. Let's refine the JSON. Also, check if `set_piece` should be an object or string. The prompt says: Apollodorus 1.9.16 +5 Telamon
- Voyage of the Argonauts. The Argonauts sail past the island of Ares, where his birds attack their ship, and arrive in Colchis to find the Golden Fleece guarded in a sacred grove. Jason must navigate the plain of Ares, where bronze-footed bulls pasture, to reach the fleece. Apollodorus 1.9.1 +5 Ares
- The Arrival at Colchis. Jason and the Argonauts arrive in Colchis, where Jason swears an oath to Medea and prepares for battle with magical charms. They retrieve the golden fleece, Jason is wounded in combat, and Medea heals him. Argonautica 3 ¶96 +4 Jason
6 more
- The Argonautic Expedition. hook: Atalanta, a noble woman, eagerly seeks to join the crew of the Argo for the quest to Colchis. goal: Jason selects her for the expedition despite his fears about conflict arising from her love. outcome: Atalanta is wounded in battle with the Colchi and healed by Medea using roots and herbs. Apollodorus 1.9.16 +3 Atalanta
- The Pursuit of the Argonauts by Aeetes. Apsyrtus, Medea's brother, pursues Jason and the Argonauts after they flee Colchis with the Golden Fleece. He leads the Colchian forces to cut off their escape routes and confronts the heroes. Apollodorus 1.9.23 +3 Absyrtus
- The Exile of Heracles. Heracles was left behind by the Argonauts in Magnesia while they sailed to Colchis. He later killed his children in a fit of madness driven by Hera's jealousy and exiled himself. Apollodorus 2.4.12 +2 Heracles
- Medea's Protection and Cure. Medea fled to Thebes to seek Heracles' protection after killing her children. Heracles promised to defend the agreements made in Colchis and later cured Medea of madness using medicinal drugs. Diodorus 4.54 +1 Heracles
- The Return to Colchis. Medea returns to Colchis unrecognized and kills Perses, who had deposed her father. She restores the kingdom to her father Aeetes. Apollodorus 1.9.28 +1 Medea
- The Search for Hylas. hook: "Heracles loses his beloved companion Hylas during the voyage to Colchis." goal: "He sets out to search for the missing boy, delaying the quest of Jason." outcome: "He wanders in a fury caused by the Goddess of love and is mocked by other heroes."} Theocritus, Idyl 9 ¶13 +1 Heracles